The Cailleach

The Cailleach is a divine hag, creator deity, weather deity, and ancestor deity. In modern Scottish folklore studies, she is also known as Beira, Queen of Winter. She rules the winter, while Brigid rules the summer. Her name is pronounced coyluck, but also like you're clearing your throat. When I painted The Cailleach as part of a Goddess painting challenge, at the beginning of my painting journey, that was about all I knew about her. I painted her in blue with white and silver - winter colors, in contrast to Sunna, who I had painted in yellow two days early. I added ski tracks.

The Cailleach, original painting by Echoing Multiverse. Available via Saatchi Art. Stickers, greeting cards, and other merch available through RedBubble or Fine Art America.

Since the original Goddess painting challenge, I have discovered some excellent sources for more detailed information, including Barbara G. Walker's very well researched Women's Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets. There, she writes that Caillech is an "Old Celtic name for Kali-the-Crone, the Great Goddess in her Destroyer aspect. Like Kali, the Cailleach was a black Mother who founded many races of people and outlived many husbands. She was also a creatress. She made the world, building mountain ranges of stones that dropped from her apron."

She continues, "Scotland was once called Caledonia: the land given by Kali, or Cale, or the Cailleach. 'Scotland' came from Scotia, the same Goddess, known to Romans as a 'dark Aphrodite'; to Celts as Scatha or Scyth; and to Scandinavians as Skadi." I confirmed that the Romans called the land north of Hadrian's wall Caledonia, after the people who lived there. I also confirmed that Skadi is indeed the Norse Goddess of skiing.

In addition to being the creator and the Goddess of Winter, Walker also writes that she controlled disease and healing. "Like the Hindus' destroying Kalika, the Caillech was known as a spirit of disease. One manifestation of her was a famous idol of carved and painted wood, kept by an old family in County Cork, and described as the Goddess of Smallpox. As diseased persons in India sacrificed to the appropriate incarnation of the Kalika, so in Ireland those afflicted by smallpox sacrificed sheep to this image. It can hardly be doubted that Kalika and Caillech were the same word." Walker referenced a Celtic Myths book for this story. I requested it from the library. I want to know more.

And Walker has found even more: "In medieval legend the Cailleach became the Black Queen who ruled a western paradise in the Indies, where men were used in Amazonian fashion for breeding purposes only, then slain. Spaniards called her Califia, whose territory was rich in gold, silver, and gems. Spanish explorers later gave her name to their newly discovered paradise on the Pacific shore of North America, which is how the state of California came to be named after Kali."

Detail of mural titled "California's Name" depicting Queen Calafia. Originally located in the California Capitol building. Since moved to the State Senate. Painted by Lucile Lloyd in 1937.

A more complete view of the mural. This is amazing.

Comments

Sophia and the Apocryphon of John

In 1945, thirteen leather-bound papyrus codices buried in a sealed jar were found by an Egyptian farmer near the town of Nag Hammadi, Egypt. These early Christian texts date from the 3rd century CE, and include writings attributed to John the Baptist. The writings of John became known as the Secret Book of John, or the Apocryphon of John. A translation by Frederik Wisse can be read online . In the Apocryphon, there is a female counterpart to the Father - the holy Mother, Barbelo. "She is the forethought of the All - her light shines like his light - the perfect power... The first power, the glory of Barbelo, the perfect glory in the aeons, the glory of the revelation... she became the womb of everything, for it is she who is prior to them all, the Mother-Father." I became aware of the Apocryphon of John after reading a graphic novel by Marisa Acocella, The Big She-Bang, The Herstory of the Universe According to God the Mother (highly recommended, by ...

Asherah

An inscription from Khirbet El-Qôm (near Jerusalem) dated to the 700s BCE and translated by archaeologist Judith Hadley reads, "Uriyahu the Rich wrote it. Blessed be Uriyahu by Yahweh for from his enemies by his Asherah he has saved him by Oniyahu by his Asherah and by his A[she]rah.” ( Source ) Asherah was the Great Goddess of the Ancient Near East. From this inscription and other evidence, it is surmised that Yahweh, the God of the Jews, once had a wife - Asherah. Asherah was also sometimes known as Astarte and was associated with lions and the planet Venus, like her relative, Ishtar/Inanna. Asherah's symbol was the tree of life, and her worship involved sacred groves and asherah poles. Asherah original painting available through Saatchi Art . Stickers, prints, and other merch available in shop or through RedBubble or Fine Art America. All of the Asherahs in my painting are based on figurines housed in the Isra...

Cihuateteo

Cihuateteo means "Women Goddesses". These Goddesses are native to Mesoamerica, appearing in the pantheon as mortal women who died in childbirth and then were deified. The Chihuateteo travel throughout the day, dwelling first with the stars in the western sky in the heavenly region called Cihuatlampa or "place of women". Then, from noon to sunset they accompany the sun, following it through the night as it lights the underworld. Every 52 days the Chihuateteo would descend to earth to reign for a day associated with the west. On these days, children were cautioned to stay inside and men to be careful. Only those skilled in dealing with divine possession should be outside on the days the Chihuateteo descended. In modern writings the Cihuateteo are often characterized as monsters, however this was not originally the case. Rather, they were powerful, benevolent ancestors who were honored and revered. In prayers they were...

Demeter, Fertility, and the Sacred Pig

Demeter and her daughter Persephone were honored every spring and fall at the Eleusinian Mysteries, held in Eleusis, a town near Athens. According to a 2018 exhibit in the Acropolis Museum, reported here , "Every prospective pilgrim had to sacrifice a piglet in honor of Demeter." It is likely that the piglets were sacrificed on "the second day of the celebration, since the pilgrims returned from the sea where they themselves and the sacrificed animals had a purifying bath." According to the exhibit catalogue, "piglet sacrifice in honor of the goddess Demeter was a common practice in the whole ancient world, both in ancient Greece and in the colonies." I've been pondering pigs lately, specifically in relation to the Goddess. Are the Jewish and Muslim pork bans related to Goddess worship? Insert shrug emoji here. In an article from the University of Michigan Museum of Art and Archaeology, about a bronze coin from Eleusis, the author writes, "T...

The First Known Artists were Women

In 2013, Dean Snow of the University of Pennsylvania published research on sexual dimorphism of hand prints present in Upper Paleolithic cave art. His analysis showed that the overwhelming majority of hand prints present in the European cave art analyzed belonged to women ( source ). Marija Gimbutas and others write that in Old European religion caves represented the womb of the earth Goddess. Women, in the womb of the Earth Mother, creating artwork at the dawn of time. The Creator creating creators, matrilineally. The Creator original painting. Blogger Art Chester writes, "There is also an indirect argument based upon observations of modern primates. Blogger Greg Laden, who studied with Prof. Snow at Penn State, states that when you study chimpanzees, you find that the males are virtually technophobes: 'Virtually all chimp technology is used by females, invented by females, passed from female to female, and so on. Males don’t seem ...

Medusa

Who was Medusa before the invading sea god supposedly defiled her? According to Marija Gimbutas, she dates at least as far back as 6000 BCE, based on a mask found at Sesklo. More recently, Medusa appears on the pediment of Artemis's Temple at Corfu, built around 580 BCE. On the pediment, Medusa is flanked by leopards. Large cats, like those associated with Artemis of Ephesus , the Great Mother Goddess of Anatolia, are sometimes considered to be guardians between worlds. Medusa's snakes are a symbol of rebirth. I've read that she may be a chthonic aspect of Artemis, much like Ereshkiga l was the underworld aspect of Inanna. Medusa original painting available through Saatchi Art . Prints, stickers, and other merch available in shop or through RedBubble or Fine Art America . Pediment from Artemis's Temple at Corfu ( source ) Or perhaps Medusa was a Moon Goddess. Robert Graves in The Greek Myths writes, "The Gorgons' names--Sth...

Echoing Multiverse

Search This Blog