Hannahanna

Hannahanna is an enigmatic goddess. She is the Great Mother Goddess worshipped by the Hittites of Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), circa 1800–1180 B.C.E. (Source: Brooklyn Museum). The word for grandmother in Turkey derives from her name. She may be a grandmother of Artemis of Ephesus and Demeter. All three share a bee connection.

Hannahanna is known for saving the world by sending one of her bees to awaken a depressed Telepino, sulky god of agriculture. Another myth tells of how Hannahanna herself disappeared in a fit of anger, causing all the crops to die and parents to abandon their children until, her anger absorbed by the dark side of the Earth (the underworld), she returned. This, combined with the myth of waking the god of agriculture, presents a close parallel to the myths of Demeter and Persephone. Additionally, the priestesses of Persephone and Demeter were known as Melissai or “bees.” Persephone’s nickname among the ancient Greeks was Melitodes or “the honeyed one.” (Source). Piglets were sacrificed to both Demeter and Hannahanna. (Source)

Hannahanna original painting, prints, and merch available in shop or via RedBubble or Fine Art America. I've read that bees were created from the tears of a god, so I tried to incorporate that here.

The priestesses of Artemis of Ephesus, an Anatolian goddess adopted by the Greeks, were also called Melissai. A fragment from a lost play by Aeschylus called Artemis’ chief priestesses “Bee-Keepers.”

"Artemis’ cult at Ephesus was very different from the way she was worshipped elsewhere. The Anatolian city did nod towards the youthful huntress, using her deer on their coins. But in keeping with their view of her as a Great Mother, they also used the bee, linking her to Demeter and Magna Mater."(Source) Bee reliefs also appear on the sides to Artemis's dress in her cult statues. It has even been suggested that Artemis's many "breasts" could be bee eggs. (Source)

Is Artemis of Ephesus a descendant of Hannahanna? It seems logical. Some scholars agree. (Source) Is Demeter also related? Are all of these goddesses just different local interpretations of the Goddess?

Artemis of Ephesus original painting, prints, and merch available in shop or through Fine Art America.

No ancient imagery of Hannahanna has been identified, that I could find, but if you google her, you may be shown images of the Thriae, a trio of bee goddess prophetesses from Greece. In ancient Anatolia, Hannahanna was associated with the Gulses, a trio of goddesses of fate and destiny.

Thriae plaques, photo from Wikipedia. Another is in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

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Asherah

An inscription from Khirbet El-Qôm (near Jerusalem) dated to the 700s BCE and translated by archaeologist Judith Hadley reads, "Uriyahu the Rich wrote it. Blessed be Uriyahu by Yahweh for from his enemies by his Asherah he has saved him by Oniyahu by his Asherah and by his A[she]rah.” ( Source ) Asherah was the Great Goddess of the Ancient Near East. From this inscription and other evidence, it is surmised that Yahweh, the God of the Jews, once had a wife - Asherah. Asherah was also sometimes known as Astarte and was associated with lions and the planet Venus, like her relative, Ishtar/Inanna. Asherah's symbol was the tree of life, and her worship involved sacred groves and asherah poles. Asherah original painting available through Saatchi Art . Stickers, prints, and other merch available in shop or through RedBubble or Fine Art America. All of the Asherahs in my painting are based on figurines housed in the Isra...

Al-Lat

Al-Lat was the Great Mother Goddess of pre-Islamic Arabia. She was worshipped at the Kaaba in Mecca until the city was conquered in 630 AD by Muhammed. ( source ) Yes...that Kaaba, where Allah is now worshipped. She was rewritten as a daughter of Allah and a djinn, but was also considered to be Allah's wife, consort, or feminine aspect. Or...is she the root from which Allah evolved? In the Quran, Allah is not referred to by gendered pronouns. Is Allah a Great Mother Goddess? insert shrug emoji here. Al-Lat original painting based on a bas relief from Palmyra. Original painting, prints, and merch available in shop or through RedBubble or Fine Art America . J ohanna-Hypatia Cybeleia offers the following evidence. "Although the word ka‘bah itself means 'cube', it is very close to the word ku‘b meaning 'woman's breast' which is derived from the same three-letter root. This turns out to be an appropriate metaphor, as the Ka‘bah nu...

Sophia and the Apocryphon of John

In 1945, thirteen leather-bound papyrus codices buried in a sealed jar were found by an Egyptian farmer near the town of Nag Hammadi, Egypt. These early Christian texts date from the 3rd century CE, and include writings attributed to John the Baptist. The writings of John became known as the Secret Book of John, or the Apocryphon of John. A translation by Frederik Wisse can be read online . In the Apocryphon, there is a female counterpart to the Father - the holy Mother, Barbelo. "She is the forethought of the All - her light shines like his light - the perfect power... The first power, the glory of Barbelo, the perfect glory in the aeons, the glory of the revelation... she became the womb of everything, for it is she who is prior to them all, the Mother-Father." I became aware of the Apocryphon of John after reading a graphic novel by Marisa Acocella, The Big She-Bang, The Herstory of the Universe According to God the Mother (highly recommended, by ...

The Loftus "Princess"

In Northumbria, in the U.K., near the North Sea coastline, is an archaeological site near the town of Loftus. It contains a circular enclosure of post holes surrounding a raised center, dated to 2200 BCE. It is thought to have been a ritual site. Other structures at the site include the "Oldest House", which predates Stonehenge. In addition the Neolithic ceremonial site, the area was also the site of an Iron Age settlement. Superimposed, cutting through the Iron Age houses, 109 early medieval graves have been found. "Each was dug carefully into the ground to allow enough room for a body to be laid in the foetal position on its side....Beads, scraps of metal, parts of eroded weapons all suggested that these burials were not Iron Age, but more recent....more excitingly still, they seemed to date from a period when this part of the north of England was undergoing an ideological revolution. They dated from when Christianity was putting i...

Malakas and Maganda

Malakas and Maganda are a mythical couple from the Philippines. In the beginning, there was nothing but sea, sky, and a kite bird. The kite bird tired, so she stirred up the sea and sky into a furious battle. The sky threw down boulders, creating islands. The land breeze and the sea breeze had a child, bamboo. Bamboo struck the kite bird accidentally, so the kite attacked the bamboo, pecking until it split open, revealing the first woman and the first man. Maganda, meaning beautiful, and Malakas, meaning strong. Malakas and Maganda original painting, prints, and merch available via shop link above, or through RedBubble or Fine Art America . Sources: http://bakitwhy.com/articles/ancient-philippine-creation-myth-malakas-and-maganda https://pantheon.org/articles/m/malakas.html

Bucranium = Uterus

A bucranium is a bull's head and horns. Bucrania have been found in shrines at Catalhoyuk, one the oldest cities ever to be excavated. Dorothy Cameron interpreted the bucrania at Catalhoyuk as a "symbol of life and regeneration--essentially a female symbol, representing the divine power of the female reproductive system." Bucranium = Uterus original painting, prints, and merch available in shop or through RedBubble or Fine Art America . Layout of bucrania based on a drawing of a reconstruction of Shrine E VI at the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in a 2007 article by Joan Relke (below). Source Marija Gimbutas writes, "the key to understanding Neolithic renditions of the bull's head and horns (bucranium in archaeological literature) comes through their resemblance to the female uterus and fallopian tubes." Besides the bucrania from Shine E VI, other images at Catalhoyuk show female torsos with bucranium in the position of the uterus an...

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